Early in his career, Sven Hedin came into contact with the northern, Tibetan Buddhism, with which he obviously sympathised. During his last large expedition of 1927-35, he had several colleagues who were able to devote themselves to studying and documenting Buddhism's material culture. A shared project was to obtain two or three copies of the temple, fully furnish them, and display them for a Western audience. This led to an extensive collection of Buddhist artefacts.
A fundamental idea in Buddhism is that the suffering we experience is due to ignorance, lack of knowledge and understanding. The Bodhisattva Manjushri carries knowledge in the form of a book, which can be seen above the lotus stalk on his left side. In his right hand, he wields a sword with which ignorance is fought. The Buddha's words lie beside him, a sutra translated into Tibetan, in which the perfection of wisdom is praised. Tibetan, and also Mongolian, books were traditionally printed with hand-carved wood-blocks.