The Museum of Ethnography owns thousands of pottery shards, small and large fragments of fired clay. Many of them originate from archaeological digs in Central America. In archaeology, all find should be taken care of. They are cleaned and numbered, classified and noted in a written report that will possibly at some time be published.
Experts can make a lot out of shards and fragments, in many digs the most common category of finds. A shard from the mouth rim of a clay vessel can reveal the width of the mouth and tell us something about the size of the vessel.
Some shards are colorless, but the surface and the character of the clay (if the grain is fine or rough) can be identified and analyzed. The cross section of a shard can give us the temperature and approximate technology used in the firing process. Monochrome and/or polychrome patterns and motifs can reveal if the pottery was imported or produced locally and in what period it was made. You can let the shards pass a very expensive thermo luminescence test in a laboratory to decide if the firing was done recently or a long time ago. In the double continent America, glaze means that we are not dealing with Pre-Columbian ceramics.
Experts in a specific cultural field will be able to tell if large pieces of pottery decorated with, let’s say, animal (zoomorphic) motifs and/or human (anthropomorphic) motifs originate from big funeral urns or from sculptures. The broken bottom of a clay vessel can tell us if we are dealing with a tripod (three-legged) vessel.