yxa, tomahawk, pipa (rök)

For information about the important pipetomahawk, see e.g. Brunius, "In the light of New Sweden..." ( ERNAS, 2007//2010); Brunius, "Prosten Carl Magnus Wrangels betydelsefulla... (Med Världen i Kappsäcken, 2002); Brunius, "Some comments on early..." (New Sweden in America, Hoffecker et al, ed, 1995);
Linné, "Three North American Indian Weapons..." (The Connoisseur, 1958); for a certain pouch, see Brunius (in press, as above, ERNAS, 2009/2010); Kasprycki, "Quilled Drawstring Pouches... (American Indian Art Magazine, 1997). (SB, 2010-01-14).

It is an odd circumstance in the original Wrangel description 1783.1.1. , i.e the pipetomahawk , that the calumet phenomenon is mentioned . The calumet was the true peace pipe and consisted more than often of a long stem/shaft , a stone pipehead (sometimes made of catlinite) and decorated with e.g. feathers . It is indeed hard to believe that a pipetomahawk could be considered to be a calumet . Maybe the explanation in the 1783.1.1. case is that the great General William Johnson (1715-1774) had said to Carl Magnus Wrangel that the pipetomahawk in question was almost as important as a calumet . And over time in Wrangel´s personal view the pipetomahawk became a calumet . One should keep in mind that Carl Magnus Wrangel had much less insight in Native American culture compared to that of General Johnson . In all cases , both calumets and pipetomahawks were most likely present in the Easton peace treaty meeting of 1758 . (S B-s, 2021-12-08)